Kaplan Pediatrics Practice Test

Methylphenidate is primarily prescribed to individuals diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) because it acts as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. This medication works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, which are typically dysregulated in individuals with ADHD.

By enhancing these neurotransmitter levels, methylphenidate helps improve attention, focus, and impulse control, which are key challenges faced by those with ADHD. The stimulant properties of this medication make it effective in promoting better concentration and reducing hyperactive behaviors, thus directly addressing the symptoms associated with the disorder.

In contrast, methylphenidate is not used as an antidepressant or anxiolytic, as its primary function does not involve treating mood or anxiety disorders. Similarly, it is not classified as a sedative-hypnotic; instead, it has a stimulating effect that can counteract sedation. This emphasizes the importance of understanding the specific pharmacological actions of medications like methylphenidate in relation to the disorders they are designed to treat.