What does the term "colic" refer to in infants?

The term "colic" in infants primarily refers to excessive crying in an otherwise healthy infant, typically occurring during the first few months of life. It is characterized by episodes of inconsolable crying that can last for several hours, often occurring in the late afternoon or evening. The exact cause of colic is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to factors such as gastrointestinal discomfort, parental stress, or an immature nervous system.

This understanding helps differentiate colic from other conditions like severe dehydration, which would present with different physical signs such as dry mouth, decreased urine output, and lethargy; a severe form of acid reflux that could cause vomiting or feeding difficulties; or developmental delays in speech that are unrelated to crying patterns and overall health. Recognizing colic is important for parents and caregivers since it can be distressing for both the infant and the family, but it is typically a temporary phase that resolves as the infant matures.