What is the typical presentation of Henoch-Schönlein purpura?

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), also known as IgA vasculitis, typically presents with a distinct set of symptoms that are important for diagnosis. The hallmark features include palpable purpura, which often appears on the buttocks and legs, abdominal pain, and arthralgia or arthritis. The purpura in HSP is a result of small-vessel vasculitis, leading to leakage of blood into the skin, which is why it is palpable.

Abdominal pain is often due to vasculitis affecting the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms such as colicky pain, and in some cases, intussusception. Arthritis or arthralgia is commonly seen in HSP, affecting mainly the knees and ankles. These symptoms together define the classic triad associated with HSP.

The other options listed do not reflect the key presentations of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. For example, a red rash with fever and joint swelling might suggest other dermatological or infectious conditions, while cough and wheezing are indicative of respiratory issues rather than a vasculitis. Similarly, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea are nonspecific symptoms that could relate to many other illnesses but do not align with the typical profile of H